Effect of plant spacing and NPK 16:16:16 fertilization on vegetative growth of Bonanza F1 Sweet Corn at UPMI Agricultural Field
Keywords:
Sweet corn, Plant Spacing, NPK 16:16:16, Vegetative Growth, Bonanza F1Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant spacing and NPK 16:16:16 fertilization on the vegetative growth of Bonanza F1 sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata L.) at the UPMI Agricultural Experimental Field. The experiment was conducted from June to August 2025 using a factorial Randomized Block Design with two treatment factors. The first factor consisted of four plant spacing treatments, namely 40 × 40 cm, 50 × 50 cm, 60 × 60 cm, and 70 × 70 cm, while the second factor consisted of four NPK fertilizer rates, namely 0 g, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g per plant. Growth parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the Least Significant Difference test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that plant spacing and NPK fertilization improved the vegetative growth of sweet corn. Wider spacing reduced interplant competition for sunlight, water, and nutrients, while NPK fertilizer increased nutrient availability required for plant growth. The best treatment combination was obtained from 70 × 70 cm spacing and 40 g NPK per plant (J4P3), which produced the highest plant height (95.50 cm), leaf number (10 leaves), and stem diameter (2.03 cm). The interaction between spacing and fertilizer treatments was generally not significant, although the combined treatment consistently showed better growth performance. Therefore, appropriate spacing and balanced fertilization are recommended to support optimal vegetative growth of Bonanza F1 sweet corn under similar cultivation conditions.
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