Analysis of biotic disease incidence and abiotic disorders in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) main nursery at Adolina Estate
Keywords:
Oil Palm Nursery, Biotic Diseases, Abiotic Disorders, Seedling Health, Disease Incidence, Disease Severity, Curvularia sp., Colletotrichum sp.Abstract
This study aimed to identify biotic diseases and abiotic disorders and determine their percentage and intensity in oil palm main nursery seedlings. The research was conducted at the Adolina Oil Palm Seed Center, PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional II, using a quantitative descriptive method through direct observation of 400 oil palm seedlings. Data were collected through visual assessment and analyzed using disease incidence and severity formulas. The results showed that leaf spot disease was the most prevalent biotic disease, affecting 91 seedlings (22.75%) with a disease intensity of 7.88%, followed by anthracnose affecting 81 seedlings (20.25%) with an intensity of 6.50%. Several abiotic disorders and genetic abnormalities, including chimera, dwarfism, rolled leaves, crinkled leaves, grass leaf, juvenile characteristics, and short internodes, were also identified at relatively low and stable frequencies. Overall, disease severity levels were classified as mild (1.1–25.0%). Environmental conditions, particularly high humidity and nursery sanitation practices, were found to significantly influence disease development. These findings highlight the importance of proper sanitation, environmental management, and the use of healthy seedlings to minimize disease incidence and improve nursery quality.
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