Systematic literature review: the impact of the supermicro and micro people's business credit program on oil palm farmers in Indonesia
Keywords:
People’s Business Credit, Oil palm farmers, Financing, WelfareAbstract
Indonesia is the largest agricultural country and makes agriculture the strongest economic support sector, with one of the best agricultural sectors being palm oil plantations. The government’s concern for agriculture in Indonesia is reflected in the distribution of People's Business Credit (KUR), one of the government programs during the time of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on November 5, 2007. This study aims to assess the extent to which People's Business Credit, one of the government program credits, helps the economic growth of farmers in Indonesia. In this study, data were collected from Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases using keywords related to KUR and oil palm farmers for the 2016–2026 period, yielding 200 articles. After a selection process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were identified that met the requirements for analysis. The findings indicate that KUR contributes positively to improving farmers’ income, productivity, access to agricultural inputs, and financing for oil palm replanting programs. In addition, KUR helps reduce farmers’ dependence on informal lenders by providing more affordable financing alternatives. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including land legality issues, administrative complexity, collateral requirements, weak farmer institutions, and unequal access between plasma and independent farmers. The review concludes that although KUR has substantial potential to strengthen sustainable smallholder oil palm development in Indonesia, its effectiveness depends on institutional strengthening, improved financial inclusion, accelerated land certification, and more adaptive financing policies aligned with the long-term characteristics of oil palm farming.
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