Integrated morphological and molecular characterization of Ganoderma boninense associated with basal stem rot in oil palm
Keywords:
Basal stem rot, Ganoderma spp, Oil palm, Molecular characterization, Phylogenetic analysisAbstract
Basal stem rot (BSR), primarily caused by Ganoderma boninense, remains the most destructive disease affecting oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia. Accurate pathogen identification is essential for effective disease management. This study aimed to conduct an integrated morphological and molecular characterization of Ganoderma isolates collected from symptomatic oil palm trees at the Adolina Seed Center, North Sumatra. Fruiting bodies were isolated and subjected to macroscopic, microscopic, and ITS-based molecular analyses. Seven fungal isolates were successfully obtained, of which five were identified as Ganoderma boninense and two as Ganoderma sp. BLAST analysis revealed 99.2–99.8% sequence similarity with reference isolates from Malaysia and Singapore. Phylogenetic reconstruction formed two major clusters supported by bootstrap values of 98% and 76%, indicating strong to moderate statistical confidence. These findings confirm the predominance of G. boninense in the study area and provide baseline molecular data to support local disease management strategies.
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