Exploration on Biological Resources to Reduce Carbon Emissions and Increase Nutritional Value of Corn (Zea mays) using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Glomalin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59651/cceria.v18i3.176Keywords:
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Glomalin, Nutritional in Corn, Soil Health, Zero Emissions in Agriculture, Nutrisi Jagung, Kesehatan tanahAbstract
Zero emissions have been a prominent topic in recent years, referring to the concept of reducing or eliminating greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide, from human activities such as transportation, energy production, and industrial processes. Agricultural practices, such as excessive or improper application of lime, inorganic fertilizers, and pesticides, can alter the physical and chemical properties of soil, affecting the abundance and diversity of beneficial organisms that support plant growth. have demonstrated that the use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and glomalin can enhance protein and amino acid content in plants. The research found that the combined treatment of AMF and glomalin yielded better results than using each treatment separately. Additionally, this study indicated that AMF and glomalin applications could improve micro-nutrient content, including Fe, Zn, and Cu. The research was conducted in the Soil Microbiology and Ecology Laboratory and the Food Production and Analysis Laboratory at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, from February 2023 to June 2023. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three treatments: control, AMF, and AMF+Glomalin. The conclusion of this research is that the use of AMF and glomalin effectively enhances the nutritional value of corn, particularly in terms of organic matter, carbohydrates, and proteins. The findings are closely aligned with Indonesia’s Vision 2045, which aims to increase agricultural productivity, maintain environmental sustainability in farming, secure food supplies, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, encourage sector collaboration, enhance agricultural education, and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study demonstrates that the use of AMF+Glomalin in agriculture significantly improves soil organic matter, corn nutrition, and sustainable practices, thus contributing to Indonesia’s Vision 2045 for a better future.
References
Achat DL, Oliver R, Augusto L, Gallet-Budynek A. 2016. Efek jamur mikoriza pada penyimpanan karbon tanah: Penilaian untuk estimasi global. Tumbuhan dan Tanah 405: 143-154.
Ariyani, F. 2021. Budidaya Jagung sebagai Sumber Pangan Utama di Indonesia. Jurnal Pertanian Tropis, 9(1), 45-56.
Begum, N., Qin, C., Ahanger, M. A., Raza, S., Khan, M. I., Ashraf, M., & Ahmed, N. 2019. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Tolerance to Biotic Stress: A Review. Biology, 8(3), 54.
Brundrett, M. C., Tedersoo, L. 2018. Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity. New Phytologist, 220(4), 1108-1115.
Chaurasia, B. 2011. Mycorrhiza: A review. New York Science Journal, 4(7), 76-82.
Chen YL, Han RX, Tian YM, dkk. Pengaruh Protein Tanah terkait Glomalin pada Stabilitas Agregat Tanah dan Penyerapan Karbon Organik Tanah di Area Karst di Cina Barat Daya. Pedosfer. 2016;26(2):221-232.
Chen, Y., Wu, Q., Dai, Z., Lin, Y., Shi, W., & Li, L. 2018. Mycorrhizal fungi: Natural occurrence in soil and their applications in agriculture. Crop Journal, 6(1), 74-84.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2005. Daftar Komposisi Bahan Makanan. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Devi, R. K., Seth, N., Agarwal, D. K., & Kumar, A. 2021. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Review on its Importance and Application in Agriculture. Environment and Ecology, 39(3B), 2544-2551.
Field, K. J., & Pressel, S. 2018. Unity in diversity: structural and functional insights into the ancient partnerships between plants and fungi. New Phytologist, 220(4), 996-1011.
Fokom, R., Tchuisseu, T. F., & Ngonkeu, E. L. M. 2012. Contribution of Increased Soil Organic Matter to Total Glomalin Accumulation (T-GRSP): Implications for Soil Health and Plant Growth. Agricultural Scientific Journal, 18(2), 67-79.
Gianinazzi-Pearson, V., Smith, S. E., & Gianinazzi, S. (Eds.). 2015. Mycorrhizal Technology in Agriculture: From Genes to Bioproducts. Springer.
Jansa, J., Mozafar, A., Kuhn, G., Anken, T., Ruh, R., Sanders, I. R., & Frossard, E. (2003). Soil tillage affects the community structure of mycorrhizal fungi in maize roots. Ecology, 84(1), 2308-2320.
Johnson NC, Wilson GWT, Bowker MA, Wilson JA, Miller RM. Keterbatasan sumber daya merupakan pendorong adaptasi lokal dalam simbiosis mikoriza. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107(5):2093-2098.
Khan, M. S., Khan, M. A., & Ahmad, I. 2020. Impact of Soil Organic Matter on Soil Physical Properties and Crop Productivity. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 20(3), 1056-1068.
Kononova, M. M. 2016. Soil Organic Matter: Its Nature, Its Role in Soil Formation and in Soil Fertility. Elsevier.
Kusmiyati, K., Santoso, E., & Setiadi, Y. 2020. Pengaruh Pemberian Mikoriza Arbuskular Terhadap Produktivitas Tanaman Jagung: Studi Kasus di Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Pertanian, 15(2), 78-88.
Miller, R. M., & Jastrow, J. D. 2020. Mycorrhizal fungi influence soil aggregation and soil organic matter dynamics. In Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry (pp. 331-355). Academic Press.
Mosse, B. 1957. Growth of plants in solutions culture. Nature, 180(4591), 912-914.
Muchtadi, T. R. 2013. Komposisi Kimia dan Komponen Kesehatan Biji-bijian Serealia. In Kongres Nasional XX Perhimpunan Ahli Gizi Indonesia.
Napoli, C., Ceci, L. R., Laerti, D., Robustelli, M., Fajner, V., & Vurro, M. (2018). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect soil microbial communities and enhance the growth of Phragmites australis in heavy metal-contaminated soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 132, 139-146.
Napoli, C., Marasco, R., Giannini, R., Zoina, A., & Fagnano, M. 2018. The Role of Microorganisms in Increasing Nutrient Availability and Plant Growth in the Rhizosphere. Journal of Soil Biology, 22(3), 45-58.
Nazeer, N., & Malik, A. 2021. Soil Aggregation Dynamics and Its Impact on Soil Properties: A Review. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 67(5), 626-640.
Nisa, A., Rahman, F., & Hidayat, T. 2021. Pengaruh Pemberian Mikoriza Arbuskular Terhadap Ketersediaan Nitrogen dan Fosfor pada Tanaman Jagung. Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 25(2), 67-78.
Porcel, R., Redondo-Gómez, S., Mateos-Naranjo, E., Aroca, R., Garcia, R., & Ruiz-Lozano, J. M. (2015). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis ameliorates the optimum quantum yield of photosystem II and reduces non-photochemical quenching in rice plants subjected to salt stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 185, 75-83.
Rahmat, D. 2017. Keragaman Genetik Tanaman Jagung. Jurnal Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, 11(2), 87-98.
Redecker, D., Kodner, R., & Graham, L. E. 2000. Glomalean fungi from the Ordovician. Science, 289(5486), 1920-1921.
Stevenson, F. J. 2021. Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions (3rd ed.). Wiley.
Tripathi, S., Singh, V., & Sharma, R. 2019. Peningkatan Ketersediaan Unsur Hara bagi Tanaman Jagung Melalui Penggunaan Glomalin. Jurnal Pertanian Modern, 12(3), 45-56.
Wu QS, Srivastava AK, Zou YN. Toleransi yang diinduksi AMF terhadap cekaman kekeringan pada jeruk: tinjauan. Ilmu Hortik. 2013;164:77-87.
Yang Y, Han J, Li X, Liu J, Liang Y. Jamur mikoriza arbuskular mengubah struktur komunitas tanaman di stepa semi kering: Sebuah studi lapangan. Ekol Evol. 2018;8(7):3556-3565.
Zainab, F., Raza, M. A., Yousaf, S., Sabri, M. A., & Malik, M. F. A. 2020. Role of Soil Microbes and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Enhancing Crop Productivity and Sustainable Agriculture. In Microbial Biotechnology: Volume 2. Springer.
Zhang J, Tang X, He X, Liu J. 2016. Glomalin-related soil protein responses to elevated CO2 and nitrogen addition in a subtropical forest: Potential consequences for soil carbon accumulation. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 83: 142-149.
Zhang J, Tang X, Zhong S, Yin G, Gao Y, He X. 2016. Recalcitrant carbon components in glomalin-related soil protein facilitate soil organic carbon preservation in tropical forests. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 1-9.
