Requisitoire Law Enforcement

Indonesian ombudsman's role in supervising public services and preventing legal violations: a study of the East Java Representative Office

Muhamad Abdul Razak — 2026-07-30

Public service delivery is a fundamental manifestation of the state’s responsibility to its citizens. Within the social contract framework, the state is obligated to provide accessible, fair, and high-quality public services. To prevent maladministration, the state established the Ombudsman as an independent supervisory institution. The Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia, particularly the East Java Provincial Representative Office, plays a strategic role in ensuring accountability, improving service standards, and preventing legal violations by state officials. This study aims to examine the supervisory role of the Ombudsman in public service delivery and its efforts to strengthen service quality as a preventive mechanism against legal violations. This research employed an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with officials and staff of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia, East Java Provincial Representative Office, while secondary data were obtained through library research encompassing legislation, Ombudsman recommendations, and relevant academic publications. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative techniques to provide a comprehensive and contextual understanding of the Ombudsman’s role. The findings indicate that the quality of public services is significantly influenced by the competence, integrity, and performance of state apparatus. Preventive supervision by the Ombudsman has contributed to service improvement, increased accountability, and reduced potential legal violations. However, institutional and operational constraints, including limited structural recognition, budget dependence, and weak enforcement of recommendations, continue to hinder optimal performance. Strengthening the Ombudsman’s institutional capacity and coordination mechanisms is therefore necessary to ensure more effective and sustainable public service governance.

Implementation of sharia economic law values for community empowerment through the living with program local in Kampung Telok Kandis Kedah Malaysia

Laila Diana — 2026-09-08

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic Economic Law values in community empowerment through the Living with Locals Program in Kampung Telok Kandis, Kedah, Malaysia. The study was conducted as part of the International Field Experience Program undertaken by sixth-semester students of the Islamic Economic Law Study Program at STITNU Sakinah Dharmasraya who participated in the International Student Mobility Program (ISEP) 2026 at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach through field studies. Data were collected through observation, interviews with local residents and foster parents, and documentation. The findings indicate that the local community practices Islamic Economic Law values such as ta'awun, amanah, justice, and maslahah in social and economic life. The program also contributes to community empowerment and supports SDG 8 and SDG 13.1. The study concludes that the Living with Locals Program serves as an effective medium for integrating academic learning, community engagement, and the implementation of Islamic Economic Law values.

Legal protection of legitieme portie heirs in Indonesian inheritance law

Arvita Hastarini — 2026-08-10

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Criminological analysis of the Crime of Ordinary Murder (Case Study of Makassar Police and Makassar Class I Prison)

Sulistiawati Sulistiawati — 2026-07-30

This study aims to: (1) analyze the factors that cause the occurrence of ordinary murder in Makassar City based on a criminological perspective; and (2) analyze efforts to overcome the crime of ordinary murder committed by law enforcement officials, especially the Makassar Police. This research is empirical legal research. The location of the research was carried out in the jurisdiction of Makassar City, especially in the Makassar Police and Makassar Class I Prison. The types of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews and questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained through literature studies by examining laws and regulations, official documents, and books and literature relevant to the object of research. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner, that is, presenting the data as it is, then analyzed and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that: (1) the crime of ordinary murder in Makassar City is influenced by various factors, including emotional pressure, personal conflict, the influence of serial culture, and low awareness of the community's law. The cultural value of siri' which is supposed to function as a positive social control in certain practices is misinterpreted as a justification for violent acts; (2) Efforts to counter the crime of murder carried out by law enforcement officials include repressive efforts through law enforcement against the perpetrators, as well as preventive efforts through patrols, legal counseling, and approaches to the community. However, these efforts still face obstacles in the form of low legal awareness and strong emotional factors in conflict resolution.

Legal protection of personal data in information technology-based online loans via the UangMe Application

Widarta Adiadhma — 2026-09-08

The expansion of information technology-based lending has increased access to credit while intensifying the processing of borrowers' personal data. This study examines legal protection for borrowers' personal data and the legal responsibility of an online lending provider through the UangMe application. The research uses normative juridical legal research with statutory and case approaches. Primary legal materials include Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law Number 1 of 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions, Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 22 of 2023, and the currently applicable Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 40 of 2024 on Information Technology-Based Joint Funding Services. Case materials consist of documented public user complaints concerning data deletion, transparency, access to device data, debt-collection pressure, and complaint handling. The findings show that Indonesia already provides a multi-layered protection framework, but effective protection depends on data minimization, transparent processing, accurate records, effective deletion mechanisms, secure complaint channels, and enforceable supervision. The UangMe-related complaints used in this research are treated as allegations and indicators of legal risk rather than adjudicated violations. Where a violation is proven, provider responsibility may arise through administrative sanctions, civil compensation, and other consequences available under personal data and consumer protection law. The study contributes a case-based mapping between user complaint patterns and the current post-2024 regulatory framework.

Villa jockey practice in songgoriti from the perspective of Sadd Dzari’ah

Moh Usman — 2026-09-08

This study, titled “The Villa Jockey Practice in Songgoriti from the Perspective of Sadd Dzari’ah,” aims to analyze the villa jockey practice in Songgoriti and its legal consequences based on the theory of sadd dzari’ah. This field research employs interview and documentation techniques for data collection, analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method with a deductive approach. The results show six categories of villa tenants: families, men seeking commercial sex workers, unmarried opposite-sex couples, married opposite-sex couples, same-sex youths, and individuals renting alone. Renting to procure commercial sex workers or by unmarried couples falls under dzari’ah that certainly or most likely causes harm, thus prohibited, while renting by families, married couples, same-sex groups, or individuals falls under dzari’ah with minimal likelihood of harm, thus permissible.

Concept of Corporate Criminal Liability in Law Number 1 of 2023 in Indonesia

Meivito Bayu Wicaksono — 2026-07-30

Legal systems inevitably evolve to keep pace with social and economic change, and Indonesia is no exception. One recent instance of this evolution is the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, which amends Law Number 1 of 1946 on Criminal Law Regulations and, for the first time, unifies the general rules on corporate criminal liability under a single statutory framework. This article examines how that concept is regulated, tracing its historical development from Law Number 1 of 1951 through to its current codification, and analyzing the liability theories, statutory provisions, and sanctions established under the new Code. Using a normative juridical method that combines statutory, conceptual, case-based, and historical approaches, this study draws on primary legal materials together with a review of relevant literature and selected Indonesian court decisions. The findings show that Law Number 1 of 2023 broadens the legal definition of a corporation, extends liability to controlling parties and beneficial owners, and adopts the Identification Theory alongside a category-based fine structure and a range of corrective sanctions. These changes close long-standing regulatory gaps, though their effective implementation still depends on the prompt issuance of supporting Government Regulations. This concept therefore needs to be well understood by both the public and law enforcement officials to ensure legal certainty and justice in its application.